Uned Chwech - Adolygu

YDY
Mae ‘Ydy' yn cael ei ddefnyddio cyn enw penodol neu ragenw i ofyn cwestiwn penodol, e.e. Llanbedr Pont Steffan, Prifysgol y Drindod Dewi Sant, John, Megan, Marks and Spencer, Jaguar, ayyb.
(‘Ydy' is used in front of definite nouns or pronouns to ask a definite question, e.g. e.e. Llanbedr Pont Steffan, Prifysgol y Drindod Dewi Sant, John, Megan, Marks and Spencer, Jaguar, etc.)

Ydy John yn gweithio heddiw?                     (Is John working today?)
Ydyn nhw'n aelodau o'r côr?                         (Are they members of the choir?)
Ydy hi'n canu yn y gyngerdd?                         (Is she singing in the concert?)
Ydy Pobol y Cwm ar y teledu heno?          (Is Pobol y Cwm on the television tonight?)
Ydy ‘r llyfr ‘Tân ar y Comin' yn y llyfrgell?   (Is the book ‘Tân ar y Comin' in the library?)
Ydy'r Jaguar yn y garej?                                                       (Is the Jaguar in the garage?)

ATEB  ANSWER
Ydy                                                                                  Nac(g) ydy  (singular)
Ydyn                                                                               Nac(g)  ydyn  (plural)

Oes
Mae ‘Oes' yn cael ei ddefnyddio cyn enwau amhenodol i ofyn cwestiwn amhenodol, e.e. tref (town), pentref (village),  dinas (city), prifysgol (university), coleg (college), merch (girl), bachgen (boy),  siop (shop), car, ayyb
(‘Oes' is used in front of indefinite nouns to ask an indefinite question, e.g. tref (town), pentref (village),  dinas (city), prifysgol (university), coleg (college), merch (girl), bachgen (boy),  siop (shop), car, etc.)

Oes rhywun yn gweithio heddiw?                                (Is anyone working today?)
Oes aelodau yn y côr?                                                          (Are there members in the choir?)
Oes cantores yn canu yn y gyngerdd?                       (Is there a female singing in the choir?)
Oes rhaglen ddiddorol ar y teledu heno?               (Is there an interesting programme on television tonight?)
Oes llyfrau yn y llyfrgell?                                                    (Are there books in the library?)
Oes car yn y garej?                                                                 (Is there a car in the garage?)
Oes sawl un yn y caffi?                                                                           (Are there many in the café?)

ATEB
Oes                                                                                                   Nac(g) oes

NEU = OR

Neu triggers a soft mutation in:

• Nouns

• Te neu goffi                            (tea or coffee)
  Bachgen neu ferch           (boy or girl)
  Mefus neu fafon                 (strawberry or raspberry)

• Adjectives

• Mawr neu fach  (large or small)
  Tal neu fyr                              (tall or short)
  Glas neu goch    (blue or red)

• Verb-nouns

• Siarad neu ganu                 (to speak or to sing)
  Cerdded neu redeg          (to walk or to run)
  Siopa neu fynd am dro   (to shop or to go for a walk)

  There's no mutation when an ending is added to a verb noun (e.g. siarad, canu, gyrru, seiclo)
  Siaradwch neu canwch!                 (speak or sing!)
  Gyrraf neu seiclaf                               (i'll drive or i'll cycle)

Atebion i gwestiynau’n dechrau gyda ffurf o’r ferf ‘Bod’ yn y presennol

Answers to questions beginning with ‘Bod’ in the present tense.

CWESTIWN		YES	NO
YDW I?	AM I?	YDW ( I AM)	NA / NAG YDW
WYT TI?	ARE YOU?	WYT ( YOU ARE)	NA / NAG WYT
YDY E?	IS HE?	YDY (HE IS)	NA / NAG YW
YDY HI?	IS SHE?	YDY (SHE IS)	NA / NAG YW
YDYN NI?	ARE WE?	YDYN (WE ARE)	NA / NAG YDYN
YDYCH CHI?	ARE YOU?	YDYCH (YOU ARE)	NA / NAG YDYCH
YDYN NHW?	ARE THEY?	YDYN (THEY ARE)	NA / NAG YDYN

The Imperfect Tense  (was, were, used to)
In the course we use both the standard formal form and the spoken informal form.
Bod in the imperfect affirmative tense:

	Formal	Informal
Singular 1st person	Roeddwn i	Ro'n i	I was
Singular 2nd person	Roeddet ti	Ro't ti	You were
Singular 3rd person	Roedd hi	Ro'dd hi	She was
Singular 3rd person	Roedd e	Ro'dd e	He was
Singular 3rd person	Roedd y ci	Ro'dd y ci	The dog was
Plural 1st person	Roedden ni	Ro'n ni	We were
Plural 2nd person	Roeddech chi	Ro'ch chi	You were
Plural 3rd person	Roedden nhw	Ro'n nhw	They were

e.e. As with the present tense, the singular form of the verb is used with singular and plural  nouns.
Roeddwn i'n byw yng Nghaerdydd                        I was living in Cardiff
Roeddet ti'n siopa yn y dre                                    You were shopping in town
Roedd hi'n bwyta yn y caffi                                    She was eating in the café
Roedd y bos yn gweiddi                             The boss was shouting
Roedden ni'n cael cinio yn y ffreutur                   We were having lunch in the canteen
Roeddech chi'n gweithio i'r Cyngor                      You were working for the Council
Roedden nhw'n ffonio bob dydd              They were phoning every day
Roedd y staff yn y cyfarfod                         The staff were at the meeting

The Negative forms

	Formal	Informal
Singular 1st person	Doeddwn i ddim	Do'n i ddim	I wasn't
Singular 2nd person	Doeddet ti ddim	Do't ti ddim	You weren't
Singular 3rd person	Doedd hi ddim	Do'dd hi ddim	She wasn't
Singular 3rd person	Doedd e ddim	Do'dd e ddim	He wasn't
Plural 1st person	Doedden ni ddim	Do'n ni ddim	We weren't
Plural 2nd person	Doeddech chi ddim	Do'ch chi ddim	You weren't
Plural 3rd person	Doedden nhw ddim	Do'n nhw ddim	They weren't
Plural 3rd person	Doedd yr adeiladwyr ddim	Do'dd yr adeiladwyr ddim	The builders weren't

e.g.  In negative sentences, the linking word  'yn' is placed after 'ddim'

Doeddwn i ddim yn byw yng Nghaerdydd                       I wasn't living in Cardiff
Doeddet ti ddim yn siopa yn y dre                                   You weren't shopping in town
Doedd hi ddim yn bwyta yn y caffi                                    She wasn't eating in the café
Doedd y bos ddim yn gweiddi                                           The boss wasn't shouting
Doedden ni ddim yn cael cinio yn y ffreutur                  We weren't having lunch in the canteen
Doeddech chi ddim yn gweithio i'r Cyngor                      You weren't working for the Council
Doedden nhw ddim yn ffonio bob dydd              They weren't phoning every day
Doedd y staff ddim yn y cyfarfod                           The staff weren't at the meeting

The Interrogative or Question forms and  'No / Yes' replies

	Formal			Yes	No
Singular 1st person	Oeddwn i?	O'n i?	Was I?	Oeddwn	Nac/g oeddwn
Singular 2nd person	Oeddet ti?	O't ti?	Were you?	Oeddet	Nac/g oeddet
Singular 3rd person	Oedd hi?	O'dd hi?	Was she?	Oedd	Nac/g oedd
Singular 3rd person	Oedd e?	O'dd e?	Was he?	Oedd	Nac/g oedd
Plural 1st person	Oedden  ni?	O'n ni?	Were we?	Oedden	Nac/g oedden
Plural 2nd person	Oeddech chi?	O'ch chi?	Were you?	Oeddech	Nac/g oeddech
Plural 3rd person	Oedden nhw?	O'n nhw?	Were they?	Oedden	Nac/g oedden

In formal Welsh, nac is used and in informal Welsh nag is used.
In the 1st and 2nd person, the answer will naturally alter according to the question:
Oeddwn i'n dda?     Was I good?                Oeddet/Nag oeddet                        Yes/No, you were
Oeddet ti'n rhedeg?            Were you running?     Oeddwn/Nag oeddwn                     Yes/No, I was

Oeddwn i'n byw yng Nghaerdydd?                        Was I living in Cardiff?
Oeddet ti'n siopa yn y dre?                                    Were you shopping in town?
Oedd hi'n bwyta yn y caffi?                                    Was she eating in the café?
Oedd y bos yn ddig?                                                Was the boss angry?
Oedden ni'n cael cinio yn y ffreutur?                   Were we having lunch in the canteen?
Oeddech chi'n gweithio i'r Cyngor?                      Were you working for the Council?
Oedden nhw'n ffonio bob dydd?              Were they phoning every day?
Oedd y staff yn y cyfarfod?                         Were the staff at the meeting?