CYCS7018 - Uned Tri

1
When discussing the weather and the time, the feminine forms of the verb bod (to be) are used:

Mae hi'n stormus heddiw
It is stormy today

Mae hi'n is often contracted to mae'n :

e.g. Mae'n stormus heddiw
It is stormy today

2
You have already seen in Unit 2 how yn conveys 'ing' when preceding a verb-noun:


Bwrw glaw To rain	Mae'n bwrw glaw It's raining

And how yn links the subject to the verb-noun:

Mae Mair yn cysgu
(Verb Subject Verb-Noun)

Yn causes all adjectives and nouns (but NEVER verbs) coming after it to undergo soft mutation: 't' becomes 'd' when mutated softly. For a full list of the initial letter changes, see the Welsh Mutations Table (Also Available as a Word Document).
'Ll' and 'rh', though usually mutated softly, never mutate after yn . The only other exception to this rule is the word braf (fine) which is never mutated:

Mae'r tywydd yn braf
The weather is fine

3
The same pattern used for the weather can be used to describe any object:

Verb	Subject	yn/'n	Adjective	Translation
Mae	e	'n	dwym	It is hot
Mae	'r plentyn	yn	hapus	The child is happy
Mae	pawb	yn	wlyb	Everyone is wet

4
There is no one word in Welsh for 'yes' and 'no'. A question is usually answered using the relevant form of the verb used to ask the question, the answer mirroring the original question.

Cwestiwn Question	Ateb Answer

Ydy hi'n braf? Is it fine?	Ydy Yes, it is


[Y]dyn nhw'n darllen? Are they reading?	Ydyn Yes, they are


[Y]dych chi'n hapus? Are you happy?	Ydw Yes, I am


Ydw i'n swnllyd? Am I noisy?	Ydych Yes, you are

5
Note that yr/y always comes before the seasons in Welsh:

Yr Haf
Summer

The definite article is also included in such phrases as:


Yn y gwely In bed	I'r gwely To bed


Yn y dref In town	I'r dref To town


Yn yr eglwys In church	I'r eglwys To church


Yn y gwaith At work	I'r gwaith To work

6
The Welsh word for 'time' is amser:


Amser coffi Coffee time	Amser te Tea time	Amser mynd adre(f) Home time/Time to go home