The word 'a' ("and") causes an aspirate mutation:
| Llyfrgell a phwll nofio |
| (pwll) |
| A library and a swimming pool |
| Crï a chrïo |
| (crio) |
| Crying and crying |
| Tynnu a thynnu |
| (tynnu) |
| Pulling and pulling |
| Ces i goffi a theisien a chacen |
| I had coffee and a cake |
| Mae rhaid i mi fynd i'r dref a phrynu llyfr newydd |
| I have to go to town and buy a new book |
| Mae ci a chath 'da ni |
| We have a dog and a cat |
| Prynon nhw lyfr a phapur |
| They bought a book and paper |
| Maen nhw'n mynd i ddarllen y papur a chysgu yn y gadair |
| They are going to read the paper and sleep in the chair |
| Dyn ni'n astudio Athroniarth a Chymraeg |
| We are studying Philosophy and Welsh |
Tua ("about, approximately") causes an aspirate mutation (Unit 11, Unit 15):
| Tua phum punt |
| About five pounds |
| Enillais i tua phunt |
| I won about a pound |
| Roeddwn i wedi cwrdd â thua chant |
| I had met about a hundred |
| Tua thri / tua thair |
| About three |
| Tuw phedwar / tua phedair |
| About four |
The word â ("with") causes an aspirate mutation (Unit 10):
| Peidiwch â phoeni |
| Don't worry |
| (Mae'n) rhaid i chi beidio â thalu nawr |
| You must not pay now |
| Siaradais i â Chymro |
| I spoke with a Welshman |
| Rwy i'n mynd ddod â phwrs |
| I am going to brign a purse |
| Dyn nhw ddim yn mynd â cheir |
| They are not taking cars |
| Ydy e'n mynd i fynd â bag? |
| (b does not suffer the aspirate mutation) |
| Is he going to take a bag? |
| Dewch â sebon |
| (s does not suffer the aspirate mutation) |
| Bring soap |
The negative of short form verbs is expressed by using the aspirate mutation (+ ddim):
| Phrynais i ddim |
| I didn't buy anything |
| Thalonnhw ddim am y bwyd |
| They didn't pay for food |
| Cherddon ni ddim |
| We didn't walk |
| Thyfrais i ddim blodau |
| I didn't grow flowers |
| Thwyllon ni ddim ohoni hi |
| We didn't deceive her |
| Chyrhaeddodd e ddim yn gynnar |
| He didn't arrive early |
| Chroesodd hi ddim o'r llinell |
| She didn't cross the line |
| Fentron ni ddim yno |
| (m mutates softly) |
| We didn't venture there |
| Saethodd e ddim ohonyn nhw |
| (s does not suffer the aspirate mutation) |
| He didn't shoot them |
The personal prefixed pronoun ei ("her", Unit 13) causes the aspirate mutation
The letter "h" os added before vowels
| Ei heisiau (hi) |
| Need her |
| Ei thad hi |
| Her father |
| Ei thalu hi |
| To pay her |
| Ydy hi wedi glanhau ei hesgidiau? |
| Has she cleaned her shoes? |
| Mae hi wedi colli ei thocyn |
| She has lost her ticket |
| Beth oedd yn ei phoeni hi? |
| What was worrying her? |
| Diolchais i iddi hi am ei hamser |
| I thanked her for her time |
| Roedd ei wedi ei thwyllo hi |
| He had deceived her |
| Roedd ei chawl hi'n dwym iawn |
| Her soup was very hot |
| Roedd ei llais hi'n wan |
| ('ll' does not suffer the aspirate mutation) |
| Her voice was weak |
| Roedd ei brawd hi'n byw yng Nglanwern |
| ('b' does not suffer the aspirate mutation) |
| Her brother lived in Glanwern |
Uned 1 - Cyfarch Rhywun
Uned 1 - Geirfa
Uned 1 - Adolygu
Uned 2 - Amser Presennol Bod
Uned 2 - Geirfa
Uned 2 - Adolygu
Uned 3 - Y Tywydd
Uned 3 - Geirfa
Uned 3 - Adolygu
Uned 4 - Disgrifio Pethau
Uned 4 - Geirfa
Uned 4 - Ansoddeiriau
Uned 4 - Adolygu
Uned 5 - Mynegi Meddiant
Uned 5 - Geirfa
Uned 5 - Adolygu
Uned 6 - Amser Amherffaith Bod
Uned 6 - Geirfa
Uned 6 - Adolygu
Uned 7 - Disgrifio Pobl
Uned 7 - Geirfa
Uned 7 - Adolygu
Uned 8 - Wedi (Rhan Un)
Uned 8 - Wedi (Rhan Dau)
Uned 8 - Wedi (Rhan Tri)
Uned 8 - Wedi (Rhan Pedwar)
Uned 8 - Wedi (Rhan Pump)
Uned 8 - Geirfa
Uned 8 - Adolygu